The reserve is located in the very southeastern part of the Chocolate Mountains, in the southeastern part of California, just to the west of the Colorado River in the Lower Colorado River Valley.

It adjoins the Picacho Peak Wilderness to the south, and the Imperial National Wildlife Refuge to the east.

Julian Wash, which drains eastwards into the Colorado River, marks the center of the wilderness and gives the name "Julian Wash Country" to the wilderness area.

Animals such as the Colorado River toad, desert bighorn sheep, and wild burros live in the refuge habitat.

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