[7] The relations between ancient Thailand and Indonesia dated back to the 8th century during the era of the Srivijaya empire.

Parts of Southern Thailand on the Malay Peninsula were under the influence of the thalassocratic Srivijayan empire centered on Sumatra.

[8]: 91–92  The 14th-century Nagarakretagama Javanese manuscript dated from the Majapahit period has mentioned several states that today are identified to be located in modern Thailand, such as Syangka (Siam), Ayodhyapura (Ayutthaya), Dharmanagari (Nakhon Si Thammarat) in southern Thailand, Rajapura (Ratburi) and Singhanagari (Singhapuri on the branch of the river Menam).

[9]: 35–36  The discovery of 16th-century Ayutthayan bronze statuettes at Talaga, a village near Cirebon at the foot of Mount Ciremai, also suggested the ancient relations.

Vice versa, the mention of Indonesian places such as Jawaa (Java), Majapahit, Makkasan (Makassar), and Minangkabau can be found in ancient Thai documents.

In an instance he expressed his wish on collecting some examples of ancient Javanese archaeological relics, as the response the Governor General of Dutch East Indies sent him the gift of eight carts load of statues and stone carvings taken from Borobudur.

These include 30 pieces taken from a number of relief panels, five buddha images, two lions, one gargoyle, several kala motifs from the stairs and gateways, and a large guardian statue (dvarapala).

In 1967 both nations, together with the Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore met in Bangkok to establishes ASEAN to ensure peace and stability in the region.

[4] On the other hand, Thailand's imports from Indonesia are dominated by energy commodities, such as coal, oil, and gas.

[13][15] In December 2017, both countries along with Malaysia launched a framework to allow payments of trade between them in respective local currencies.