The world's fourth most populous country, Indonesia is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with their own culture, custom, and language.
An informal way to address a significantly older person is to use Om, Paman, Bibi, or Tante, which mean "uncle" and "aunt".
Gus (from bagus) is used exclusively to address an honorable Eastern Javanese person with a strong traditional and religious identity.
For Indonesian royalty, the titles "Sri" and "Prabhu" are used to address kings and monarchs, usually in Indianized kingdoms located in the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, and other places which had Hindu/Buddhist influence.
In general, Indonesian names fall into one of the following categories: The Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation no.
The document requires names to be written in the Latin script, and having no less than two words and no more than 60 characters, including spaces.
and "N",[4] while on the other side, there were also people with extremely long names like "Rangga Madhipa Sutra Jiwa Cordosega Akre Askhala Mughal Ilkhanat Akbar Suhara Pi-Thariq Ziyad Syaifudin Quthuz Khoshala Sura Talenta", which contains up to 132 characters including spaces.
On all other official documents (ID card, driver's license, and passport), only the child's name would appear, "Hasan".
Occasionally, the father's name will be used as the surname, without appending putra or putri (in this example it would be Hasan Suparman).
In the Netherlands, for example, a person without an official family name would be given the surname Onbekend (which means "unknown").
Several common Indonesian names derived from Sanskrit are deities or heroes names, including Indra, Krisna, Wisnu, Surya, Bayu, Dewa, Rama, Lesmana, Sudarto (Javanese for Siddharta), Dewi, Pertiwi, Sri, Ratih, Sinta, Laksmi, and Saraswati.
Some famous people who uses these names include: Giring Ganesha, Isyana Sarasvati, Indra Lesmana, Dewa Budjana, Dewi Sandra, Laksamana Sukardi, etc.. Other Sanskrit derived names used widely in Indonesia also include such as: Wibisana or Wibisono (from the Ramayana figure Vibhishana), Arya, Subrata, Aditya, Abimanyu, Bima, Sena, Satya, Cakra (read Chakra), Putri, Putra, Mahardhika, Gatot or Gatut (from the Mahabharata figure Ghatotkacha), Perdana (from the word "Pradhan"), Prameswara or Prameswari, Wijaya (from Vijay), and many more.
Some such names are Jayadiningrat, Adiningrat, Notonegoro, Suryasumantri, Dharmokusumo, Wongsoatmodjo, Natalegawa, Kusumaatmadja, Kartadibrata, Kartapranata, and Kartasasmita.
Under President Suharto, Indonesia attempted to deconstruct organisations and groups that might represent an internal security threat.
This was a difficult balance because while the names were changed, laws continued to identify them as 'different' from indigenous Indonesian groups.
Indonesian businessman, Liem Sioe Liong, for example, had his name changed to Sudono Salim.
Popular Arabic names include Muhammad, Ahmad, Arief, Ibrahim, Ismail, Aisyah, Nur, Aminah, Nabila and Zahra.
[8] Ethnic groups with strong Islamic influence, such as the Acehnese, Malay, Minangkabau, Betawi and Bugis, tend to use Arabic names.
For example, Indonesian politicians Teuku Muhammad Hasan (from Aceh) and Mohammad Hatta (from Minangkabau) have Arabic names.
However, some of these ethnic groups with strong Islamic influences, such as the Betawi people, have Arabic names which have been suitable with the local pronunciation, such as Leman (Sulaiman), Rojak (Razak), etc.
Arabs settled in Indonesia many generations ago, and their descendants still use their family names, for example, Assegaf, Alhabsyi, or Shihab.
There are many Javanese-style Arabic names such as "Kanapi" (from Hanafi), "Marpuah" (from Marfu'ah), "Ngabdurohman" (from Abdurrahman), "Sarip" (from Sharif), "Slamet" (from Salamah), "Solikin" (from Salihin), etc.
There are also people in Indonesia who were named after classical scholars of Islam, such as "Ghozali" (from Al-Ghazali), "Romli" (from Shihab al-Din al-Ramli) or "Syafi'i" (from Al-Shafi'i).
Names with western origin include Henry, Agus, Johan, Andri, Anto (Antonius), Siska, Roni, Jono, Riska, Suzanna, Rian, Markus, and many more.
But more recently, many parents also use Anglicised names such as Peter, Andrew, James, John, Paul, Eva, Stephanie, Mary, etc..
Many non-Christian Indonesians may also use Western names such as Jon, Sam, Paul, Brian, Toni, Tomi, Anne, or Yulia.
Many Indonesians use a different name altogether; a woman born as "Khadijah" may be known as "Ida" or "Ijah" to all her friends and family.
Indonesian people might also take a Western style nickname such as Kevin, Kenny, Tommy (Tomi), Jimmy, Ricky, Dicky, Bob, Nicky, Nico, Susy, Taty, Lucy (Lusi), Nancy, Mary (Maria) and so on.
People with such titles include, for example, Lalu Muhammad Zohri and Baiq Lukita Kirana Putri.
[9] According to the Chicago Manual of Style, Indonesian names are indexed differently according to the individual practices and customs.