[2] Its vomerine teeth are present in two oblique series that extend beyond the level of the hind edge of the choanae.

[3] Males also have a strong pad on the inner side of the first finger, covered during the breeding season with a greyish brown velvet-like horny layer.

[4] The frogs' common name is derived from the small bronze-coloured strips that appear on either side of the lower jaw, between the snout and the posterior point of the forelimbs, within a week after metamorphosis.

They sit exposed on flat rocks and stones, and leap, often to a considerable distance, into the water when disturbed.

[4] The bronzed frog typically breeds along the edges of gently flowing and/or in pockets of still water along the streams.

In near permanent water, the tadpoles may have longer metamorphic duration (3–4 mo) to enable body growth and emergence of larger/stronger froglets.

Within a week of metamorphosis, small bronzed-coloured strips appear on either sides of the lower jaw, between the snout and the posterior point of the fore limbs.

Generally, growth rates, measured in terms of body mass, vary inversely with population density, and slowly growing individuals metamorphose at smaller sizes than their larger conspecifics.

[13] Following the south-west monsoon rains that lash the Indian west coast from the first week of June, innumerable anuran species breed in ephemeral ponds and puddles.

[14] This incidentally puts the individuals in severe intra- and interspecific competition for food and space, and also to predation pressures.

Tadpoles of bronzed frogs, which possess ventral mouths, predominantly occupy the substrate zone, and in greater numbers at the night than in daytime.

Kin recognition is widespread in organisms as diverse as social insects, fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals, and even plants.

[16] Tadpoles of bronzed frog exhibit IFD behaviour while foraging, regardless of whether they are siblings or nonsiblings in a group, which correlates well with their group-living strategy in nature.