The company operates two core business units: Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA) and Research Models and Services (RMS).

[5] Envigo was formed in September 2015 by the merger of Huntingdon Life Sciences, Harlan Laboratories and three subsidiaries - GFA, NDA Analytics and LSR Associates.

[10][11] In December 2019, it acquired the unit of Horizon Discovery that provides animals with clinically relevant gene deletions, insertions and other modifications for testing.

[13] In February 2022, the company acquired Orient BioResource Center, a preclinical contract research organization and animal model supplier for $51 million.

[16] After a routine inspection in July 2021, USDA inspectors cited the company for 26 violations of the Animal Welfare Act of 1966.

[23][24][25] After an inspection on March 8, 2022 found five repeat violations, including unsafe conditions, animal injuries, and mold and feces in the food supply, Virginia Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine sent a letter to the USDA requesting that the facility's license be temporarily revoked.

[29][30] In a settlement reached in July 2022, the company agreed to no longer engage in activities at the Cumberland site that require an Animal Welfare Act license and to relinquish the nearly 4,000 beagles at the facility to the Humane Society of the United States.

[37] In June 2024, the company pleaded guilty to conspiring to violate the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 and conspiring to violate the Clean Water Act, agreeing to pay $22 million in fines, including the largest-ever fine imposed by the Department of Justice in an animal welfare case, as well as agreeing to pay an additional $13.5 million toward animal welfare and environmental projects, law enforcement expenses, and improvements to facilities.

[38][39] In August 2023, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigated the company for possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for knowing using monkeys that were illegally captured in national parks and protected wild habitats.