Together with the neighbouring Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship it was part of the Kuyavia region and the Greater Poland Province.

In early years after its creation (14th century), it was called Gniewkowo Voivodeship (Województwo gniewkowskie), from the town of Gniewkowo, the seat of local Piast princes.

Even though the capital of the voivodeship was in Inowrocław, its biggest urban center was Bydgoszcz.

Local sejmiks, together with Brzesc Kujawski Voivodeship, took place in Radziejów.

Apart from the original two Kuyavian counties of the Voivodeship, it also included the Dobrzyn Land, located on eastern bank of the Vistula[1] which became part of the Kingdom of Poland in 1466.