Intégral Peripherals

Initially met with market skepticism, Intégral found success in the mid-1990s with design wins in products by IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Toshiba, among others.

[1][2] The company initially sought to contract mass manufacturing to an offshore factory Singapore, with groundbreaking to commence some time in 1991.

[3][4] Intégral's initial start-up capital came entirely from East Asian countries, including three computer systems manufacturers, six hardware vendors, and one distributor, all of whom pitched in US$7 million in 1990.

[4] Scrambling to find a suitable production partner before competitors encroached on its market, in late December 1991 the company raised an additional $15.5 million in capital and signed a contract with Fuji Electric for the latter to produce Intégral's drives in Singapore.

[14][15] Its competitors then included MiniStor Peripherals (who earlier in 1992 were the first to ship PC Card hard drives), Aura Associates, Western Digital, and Maxtor.

[19] Around this time, Intégral's drives gained broader acceptance among computer systems builders, scoring design wins with Hewlett-Packard for the latter's HP OmniBook subnotebook, with IBM for their ThinkPad notebooks, and with Toshiba and Fujitsu for their pen tablets.

[26][29] After leaving Intégral, Volk went on to found DataPlay, a maker of very small (32 mm diameter) optical discs, in Longmont.