In June of that year, Advanced Power Sources (APS) Ltd was founded as a spin-off from Loughborough University by Paul Adcock, Phil Mitchell, Jon Moore and Anthony Newbold,[2] and was the first company in the UK formed specifically to address the development and commercialisation of PEM fuel cells.

The ENV incorporated the company's air-cooled fuel cell technology hybridised with a battery pack to provide 6kW peak load to the motor to improve performance during spikes in power demand i.e.

[6] In 2008, Intelligent Energy established the company IE-CHP in a joint venture with SSE plc, to develop fuel cells and other technologies for CHP (Combined Heat and Power) applications.

[13] IE-CHP also received CE certification for its first-generation product, a 10 kWe/12 kWth combined heat and power (CHP) fuel cell.

Heat from the fuel cell stack is conducted to cooling plates and removed through airflow channels, a simplified and cost-effective system for the power range from a few watts to several kilowatts.

Efficient thermal management of the EC fuel cell stack reduces system complexity, mass and cost.

[citation needed] In 2010, the company was involved in the development of the report entitled “A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis.