Intentional camera movement

The process often involves the selection of a narrow aperture and the use of filters and light to achieve a suitable shutter speed.

[3] Leading proponents of the technique include Ernst Haas, Alexey Titarenko,[4][5] and (from as early as 1962) Kōtarō Tanaka.

There is a lot of freedom in this type of photography, which is why it attracts so many professional photographers who are typically more bound by strict rules.

The stationary environment (usually mainly background, but possibly also some foreground) then is subjected to ICM and appears streaked in the final image.

The streaks in the resulting image converge on the central point, giving a suggestion as if it is at the end of a long tunnel.

Vertical movement captures the impression of a bluebell wood
A motorcyclist in Midtown Manhattan, reminiscent of the works of Ernst Haas
Zoom burst , a photograph taken with a zoom lens, whose focal length was varied during the course of the exposure