[1] The Fraternal Democrats, an international organisation founded by British radicals that had brought together many of these polticial refugees, struggled to handle the turmoil of 1848 and ultimately dissolved in 1854.
[3] When neither Barbès nor Bonaparte ultimately travelled to Britain, the Chartists took the opportunity to expand the scope of the organisation, reorienting the committee to establishing connections with other European democrats.
[4] On 21 January 1855, they decided to organise a meeting for the anniversary of the French Revolution of 1848, during which they would establish a political international for democrats of different nationalities.
[7] The IA also established a section in the United States, where German and French exiles set up branches in Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati and New York.
"[8] In contrast, Henry Collins and Chimen Abramsky pointed out that the IA was relatively small, short-lived and uninfluential, describing it more as a "herald of the future than a thing of actual flesh and blood".