Intersecting Storage Rings

Nevertheless, the construction of the ISR involved many advances in accelerator physics, including the first use of stochastic cooling, and it held the record for luminosity at a hadron collider until surpassed by the Tevatron in 2004.

The idea of colliding beams was first conceived by a group at Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA) in the United States, as a way to have collisions at an increased center of mass energy.

The MURA group also invented radiofrequency (RF) stacking technique to accumulate the proton beams of sufficient intensity.

In the previous years, the construction of hadron colliders was avoided as it appeared to be unfruitful due to the unavailability of any stacking method.

After demonstrating the damping of betatron oscillations, stochastic cooling of the antiprotons beams was widely used to enhance luminosities in proton-antiproton collisions.

[10] ISR group designed and set-up very large thin-walled vacuum chambers at the intersecting points where detectors were set up.

Some of the buildings associated with the ISR at CERN , Geneva . The accelerator itself is beneath the curved, tree-covered hill that runs around the outside of the road.
Intersecting Storage Rings
A memorial of Werner Heisenberg and of ISR inauguration [ 3 ]
The I4 intersection point at the ISR, which hosted the Split Field Magnet Detector [ 9 ]