Anderson attended Carine Senior High School and trained at the Breakers Swim Club before moving to the Western Australian Institute of Sport in Perth.

[4] At the 2024 World Championships in Doha, Claire Curzan won the 100-meter backstroke competition with a lead of 0.83 seconds.

[7][8] The Australian 4 x 100-meter medley relay team, consisting of Barclay, Abbey Harkin, Alexandria Perkins and Brianna Throssell, qualified for the final with the third fastest preliminary time.

In the final, Anderson, Harkin, Throssell and Shayna Jack were five seconds faster than the preliminary relay team and won ahead of the Swedes and the Canadians.

[9] Anderson finished second in the 100-meter backstroke at the 2024 Australian Championships and won the title with the 4 x 100-meter freestyle relay.