Iranian Kazakhs live mainly in the Golestan Province in Northern Iran.
[3][4] The number of Iranian Kazakhs might have been slightly higher, because many of them returned to Kazakhstan after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, from where they had immigrated to Iran after the Bolshevik October Revolution (1917).
The second wave occurred with the fall of the Soviet Union, which saw the population of Kazakh Iranians swell significantly.
Unlike the previous wave of immigration, these individuals were acculturated with the Russian language, rather than Kazakh.
The final wave has been ongoing since 2007 and consists of economic migrants arriving from the western provinces of Atyrau and Mangystau to the cities of Gorgan, Bandar Torkaman and Gonbad-e Qabus.