Isaiah R. Rose (June 26, 1843 – November 26, 1916) was a Republican state senator for Ohio, a Washington County sheriff and a Civil War veteran.

Rose enrolled twice as a soldier for the Union Army, and served alongside his brother Thompson.

However, he was mistaken for a Confederate soldier or scout and was shot in the left leg in January 1865.

Rose returned to Ohio and, after working as a coal digger in the 1870s, was elected sheriff for Washington County as a member of the Republican Party in 1884, and subsequently as a state senator in 1905.

During his career in the Ohio Senate, he was a champion of the temperance movement in Ohio, introducing ultimately successful legislation allowing individual counties to enact local legislation banning the sale of liquor.