[1] When ION occurs in patients below the age of 50 years old, other causes should be considered, such as juvenile diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid antibody-associated clotting disorders, collagen-vascular disease, and migraines.

Rarely, complications of intraocular surgery or acute blood loss may cause an ischemic event in the optic nerve.

[2] Anterior ION presents with sudden, painless visual loss, developing over hours to days.

[3] Examination findings usually include decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, color vision loss, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a swollen optic nerve head.

[3] Although there is no recognized treatment that can reverse the visual loss, upon recent reports, optic nerve health decompression may be beneficial for a select group of patients with a gradual decline in vision due to ION.