Islam in Ivory Coast

[1] As of the late 1980s, only the most devout Muslims in Ivory Coast prayed, fasted, and gave alms as required by strict tenets of Islam, and only the most wealthy performed the hajj.

[2] Sufism, involving the organization of mystical brotherhoods (Tariqa) for the purification and spread of Islam, is also widespread, laced with indigenous beliefs and practices.

[2] The influence of marabouts has produced a number of reactions in Ivoirian society, among them a series of reformist movements.

[2] Hamallism began as an Islamic reform movement in the French Sudan early in the twentieth century and has provided a channel for expressing political and religious discontent.

[2] He preached Islamic reform tempered by tolerance of many local practices, but he condemned many aspects of Sufism.