The Egyptian "Antiquities Authority" was established in 1858 and remains a government organization which serves to protect and preserve the heritage and ancient history of Egypt.

[3][4] Some of the earliest areas investigated in Saudi Arabia include Al Faw Village and Madain Saleh.

Objects protected from display include Aphrodite in revealing gown, images of ancient deities and oil lamps featuring menorahs.

[1] Pre-Islamic In-situ archaeology includes south Arabian 4th CE rock inscriptions that evidence fewer pagan expressions and the start in use of the monotheistic "rahmān".

[6] Fewer archaeological surveys have taken place in the Arabian peninsula and are considered taboo in Mecca (The Noble) and Medina (The Enlightened City).