[1] The Mysore invasion gave the East India Company the opportunity to tighten their grip on the ancient feudal principalities of Malabar and convert Travancore into only a protected ally.

[3] He turned his attention towards expansion, which included the capture of the Kingdoms of Bednur (Ikkeri or Keladi),[4] Sunda, Sera, and Canara.

Ali's 1767 attempt to defeat Travancore failed; a second effort by his son Tipu Sultan in 1789–1790 triggered the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

[7] In the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792), Tipu ceded half of his territories, including Malabar, to the East India Company and their allies, and paid 3.3 crores (33 million) rupees as indemnity.

Under the command of Gopalaji, 30,000 Canara soldiers easily overran prince Kunhi Ambu's (Cunhi Homo) forts in northern Kolathunad.

[8] Hyder Ali first marched to the area in 1757 as requested by the king of Palakkad, a long-time military foe of the Zamorin of Calicut.

Hyder, who at that time was the faujdar of Dindigul under the Kingdom of Mysore, marched into southern Malabar with a force of 2,500 horses and 7,500 men supported by Palghat troops.

[13] After taking Calicut in a bloody battle, Ali, with a large amount of money, marched south-east towards Coimbatore through Palghat.

[14] Shortly afterwards, Raza Ali, Hyder's lieutenant, returned to Coimbatore, and Hindu fighters hidden in the forests[14] rebelled against the Mysorean authorities.

To prevent another armed uprising, Hyder Ali suggested anti-Nair laws to the district, and levied additional taxes as punishment against rebellious Nair chiefs.

[14] In 1773, Mysore forces under Said Saheb marched to Malabar through the Thamarassery Pass, since the Hindu rulers had broken the earlier treaties on paying tributes.

[14] Mysore conducted a second military operation in 1774, concentrating on the extremely ancient and unsurpassed treasures of the Main Temple in the city of Thiruvananthapuram in Travancore.

The newly appointed king of Kolathunad supported Mysore, providing crucial supplies for the war, and by March, Kolathiri had occupied Randattara.

[19] During the summer of 1782, East India Company officials in Bombay sent additional troops to Tellicherry, where they continued operations against Mysorean holdings in the Malabar.

[19] Tired of continuous setbacks, Hyder sent an army unit under Makhdoom Ali to Malabar to restrain anti-Mysore activities in the south.

[19] When Tipu learned of Hyder's sudden death to cancer, his departure from the battlefield provided some relief to the British force, but Bombay officials sent further reinforcements under General Matthews to Ponnani.

At the same time, near Tanjore, Stuart's army joined Colonel William Fullarton's, before the latter marched along the Dindigul-Dharapuram-Palakkad route and besieged Palakkad Fort.

[19] In December 1783, General Macleod, with fresh support from the French, captured Cannanore from the Arakkal, who were allies of Mysore in Malabar.

To put an end to the land problems, Tipu appointed Arshad Beg Khan as the civil governor of Malabar.

[19] Tipu decided to tighten his grip on his possessions in Malabar and occupy Travancore, as he saw the control of ports and access to the routes to them as highly strategic.

Indirect attempts to take over the kingdom had failed in 1788, and Archibald Campbell, the president of Madras at the time, warned Tipu that an attack on Travancore would be treated as a declaration of war on the Company.

[21] In late 1789, Tipu began to gather troops at Coimbatore in preparation for an assault on the Nedumkotta, the fortified line of defence built by Dharma Raja of Travancore to pursue the 1789 rebels.

A force under Colonel James Hartley gained a decisive victory in the Battle of Calicut in December, while a second under General Robert Abercromby routed the Mysore at Cannanore a few days later.

[22] British East India Company forces led by Abercromby, began besieging Cannanore, held by troops of Mysore and of the Ali Raja on 14 December.

The British victory, along with the taking of Calicut by a separate force a few days earlier, secured their control over the Malabar Coast.

To control the region, Tipu adopted strong measures against Nair nobles of Malabar and established a centralised administrative system.

The changes in Malabar due to the Mysore invasions were as follows: According to M. Gangadharan, there is evidence that many Hindus were forcefully converted into Islam.

[citation needed] he was also said to have carried away from the province of Malabar 700000 Christians and to have made Muhammedans of 100,000 Hindus Hermann Gundert said in Kerala Pazhama that it is not possible to describe the cruel atrocities perpetrated by Tipu in Kozhikode during the autumn 1789.

Aware of the risk to the idol, it was hidden underground and the Utsava murti was taken to Ambalappuzha Sri Krishna Temple by Mallisseri Namboodiri and Kakkad Othikkan.