Islamic view of the Trinity

In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity states that God is a single essence in which three distinct hypostases ("persons"): the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit, exist consubstantially and co-eternally as a perichoresis.

Monotheism in Islam, known as Tawhid, is the religion's central and single most important concept, upon which a Muslim's entire religious adherence rests.

The Quran repeatedly and firmly asserts God's absolute oneness, thus ruling out the possibility of another being sharing his sovereignty or nature.

[2] Muslims have explicitly rejected Christian doctrines of the Trinity from an early date.

Say: "Who then hath the least power against Allah, if His will were to destroy Christ the son of Mary, his mother, and all every – one that is on the earth?

But if You forgive them, You are surely the Almighty, All-Wise.” Furthermore, verses 19:88–93, 23:91 and 112:1–4 are relevant to the doctrine of "Trinity": 19:88 They say, “The Most Compassionate has offspring.” 19:89 You have certainly made an outrageous claim, 19:90 by which the heavens are about to burst, the earth to split apart, and the mountains to crumble to pieces 19:91 in protest of attributing children to the Most Compassionate.

[1][3] Although the latter group of verses have usually been taken to reject the mainstream Christian view of Jesus as son of God, Watt has argued that they refer specifically to an unorthodox notion of "physical sonship".

[4][3]:47 Verse 5:73 has been interpreted as a potential criticism of Syriac literature that references Jesus as "the third of three" and thus an attack on the view that Christ was divine.

[5] Alternatively, it may be a purposeful simplification of the Christian belief in the humanity and divinity of Christ in order to expose its potential weakness when viewed from the firmly monotheistic position of Islam.

"[1] Some Muslim commentators believe 5:116 as referring to Mary as part of the Christian Trinity.

[n 1] Critics use this to argue that the Quran's author was mistaken about orthodox Christian beliefs, wherein Mary is a human and the third part of the Trinity is the Holy Spirit.

[7][8][6] However some historians, such as Averil Cameron, have been skeptical about whether Collyridians even existed and noted that Epiphanius is the only source for the group and that later authors simply refer to his text.

[6] Some recent Western scholarship support a rhetorical understanding of the Quranic accusation of Mary's divinity claim in Q5:116;[3]:47[n 2][10] arguing the verse generally gives an example of Shirk and admonishes it.