[5] Between 1532 and 1560, 50 Italians established in Lima (Viceroyalty of Peru) and Callao, mostly from Liguria and Tuscany, such as Martin from Florence, Pietro Catagno, Pietro Martín from Sicily (all of them involved in Atahualpa's capture), Juan Bautista Pastene, born in Genoa in 1505 and also present since the beginning of the Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire.

[9] Research done by historian Alberto Boscolo in his work Presencia italiana en Andalucía: Siglos XIV-XVII, revealed that during the time of Pizarro these Italians were present in Peru: Jeronimo Bacarel (Sicily), merchant cattleman; Francisco de Bolonia (Bologna); Nicolao del Benino (Florence), merchant; Francisco Rosso (Naples),conquistador; Sebastiano Castro (Sicily); Pedro Catano (Italy), merchant; Juan Antonio Corso (Corsica), merchant; Bartolome Ferrer (Genoa), mariner merchant; Martin de Florencia (Italy), conquistador; Antonio Genoves (Genoa); Catalina la Genovesa (Valdepenaa); Esteban Genoves (Genoa), conquistador; Jacomo Genoves (Genoa); Rostran Genoves (Genoa), carpenter; Simon Genoves (Genoa), conquistador; Isabella Gentil (Seville); Cesare Maneo (Naples); Pedro Milanes (Milan), conquistador; Marco Negro (Venice); Francisco Neri (Florence), merchant; Juan de Niza (Nizza aka Nice), conquistador; Jacome Pablo (Venice); Pedro Pinelo (Italy), merchant; Diego de Pisa (Pisa), conquistador; Antonio del Solar (Median del Campo); Alonso Toscano (Tuscany), merchant; Juan Toscano (Tuscany), religious; Pedro Toscano (Tuscany), merchant; Fray Francisco Martinez (Tuscany), religious.

The pioneers of the Italian immigration to Peru were Antonio Dagnino, who established in Callao in 1802 and Felix Valega, who arrived, in 1806.

[11] After the independence of the Spanish colonies, which was caused by the crisis in Spain, the immigration of Italians to Peru increased considerably.

[5] Initially Ligurian sailors emigrated to Peru, who founded numerous commercial activities along the coasts of the country.

[5] This migration of Italians began to be consistent starting from 1840 thanks to the conspicuous economic growth of Peru, which was caused by the export of guano.

[5] From 1880, there was in fact a drastic drop in the export of guano, a situation which continued also in the following decades without ever reaching the previous levels.

Its objective was promoting Old World immigration by covering the costs of their journeys and financially supporting them during their first settler years in Peru.

After the collapse of guano exports, Peru's economy veered towards new sectors, such as industry, and even in this last case, the Italians were the protagonists.

[5] A document of the time reported that: "In Lima, in Callao and in the departments of Libertad, Ica and Arequipa, the Italians own the majority of factories of wool and cotton yarn, shoes, wool and straw hats, liquor factories, cigarettes, chocolate, soap, furniture, water, beer, bread, pasta and biscuits, etc.

After World War II there was a modest recovery of the influx of Italians to Peru, but in a small number if compared to that which went to other South American states (such as Venezuela and Argentina).

[5] Examples of Ligurian dishes commonly eaten in Peru are spaghetti with pesto sauce, torta pasqualina [it], and focaccia.