The ship takes her name from the 3rd century BC Roman leader and admiral Gaius Duilius (Caio Duilio in Italian).

The acoustic signature was also reduced with an appropriate choice of machinery and engineering solutions and verifying the intensity of the radiated noise, since the design phase.

Equal attention has been directed in the infrared (IR) signature branch, by lowering the temperature of engine gases through coaxial exhausts.

Once put the ships to escort and the relative priority in the CMS, the system automatically performs the control and the evaluation of dangerous of each air target, and suggests the possible engagement with missiles, artillery or jammers.

There is also a training module that, under the supervision of an "Exercise Director", simulates of complex tactical situations by faithfully reproducing the capabilities of weapons and sensors on board.

For the first time in the history of the Italian Navy a ship is provided with an autonomous meteorological and oceanographic system (Metoc), capable of launching atmospheric balloons to make sonar, optical sensors and radar range prediction.

The entire system can be managed by a simple laptop but it has its own dedicated consoles in the Operative Platform Office, in the two Security Control Posts (fore and aft), on the bridge and in every technical areas.

For what concerns CBRN (Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) warfare, there are a specially dedicated decontamination station, a series of new generation sensors for such hazards detection disseminated throughout the ship[8] and an external prewashing facility.

She took part, together with Andrea Doria and French ships Forbin and Chevalier Paul, in a joint exercise which brought together the whole Horizon class on May 5, 2009 in the Gulf of La Spezia.

During the development of many complex systems on board, and during the trials that led her many times in the Naval Station of Taranto, she made her debut in the international arena during NATO exercise Proud Manta 2011[12] from February 4 to February 17, 2011, in the waters of the Ionian Sea, even before the delivery of the Battle Ensign (that took place in Gaeta on September 22, 2011),[13] working together with ships, submarines and aircraft of nine allied nations.

On March 2, 2024 Caio Duilio, in her role of flagship of Operation Aspides,[14] the vessel shot down a drone launched by Houthi rebels in the Red Sea using her 76 mm main gun.