Lyakhov began his explorations in the spring of 1770 on dogsleds in order to explore the islands off the northern Siberian coast reported by Yakov Permyakov and Merkury Vagin in 1710.
In this journey he visited the southern section of the New Siberian Islands.
Lyakhov's intentions were mainly commercial, for he hoped to find mammoth ivory.
This time there was a scientific background to his explorations, for he brought with him a land surveyor.
During this journey Great Lyakhovsky Island (Большой Ляховский) was thoroughly surveyed and described.