In 1943, he joined the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps, where he served in the medical battalion,[3] fighting from Oryol, Bryansk and Zhitomir to Berlin and Prague.

[4] In 1946, he continued his training as a clarinetist at the Gnessin State Musical College, where he studied with Alexander Leonidovich Shtark (or Stark) (first degree in 1951, the graduate school in 1954).

[7] In collaboration with the Borodin Quartet and other chamber ensembles, Mozgovenko recorded works by Mozart, Brahms, Prokofiev and some contemporary composers.

In addition to his concert activities, Mozgovenko taught at the Gnessin State Musical College since 1951, and as an associate professor since 1966.

[12][4] He collaborated with notable conductors like Yevgeny Svetlanov, Kirill Kondrashin, Alexander Gauk, Leonard Bernstein, Yuri Temirkanov, Vladimir Fedoseyev and Gennady Rozhdestvensky.

[12][4] Beginning on the occasion of his 95th birthday, an international clarinet competition named after Mozgovenko has been taking place in Russia since 2019.