He graduated from the Faculty of Theatre of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague in 1988 and Realistické divadlo Zdeňka Nejedlého (RDZN) in Prague-Smíchov.

At the International TV Festival in Monte Carlo 2013, Ivan Trojan was awarded the prize of Golden Nymph for the Best Actor in the mini-series Burning Bush.

Trojan is acclaimed for his performances in films Loners (2000), Želary (2003), Václav (2007), The Karamazovs (2008), In the Shadow (2012) and Angel of the Lord 2 (2016), all gaining success at the box-office and critic circles.

He is also known for his award-winning and lauded appearances at the Dejvice Theatre, the Vinohrady Divadlo and the Summer Shakespeare Festival, including Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire, Demetrius in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Eugen Bazarov in Father and Sons and the Father in The Brothers Karamazov.

In 2009, at the age of 44, he played seven minutes for the club in a competitive match against FK Ústí nad Labem in the Czech National Football League.