[2] In the first centuries AD political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge.

Two larger subdivisions appeared: the parish (kihelkond) and the county (maakond).

The defense of the local area was directed by the highest official, the parish elder.

By the 13th century the following major districts had developed in Estonia: Saaremaa (Osilia), Läänemaa (Rotalia or Maritima), Harjumaa (Harria), Rävala (Revalia), Virumaa (Vironia), Järvamaa (Jervia), Sakala (Saccala), and Ugandi (Ugaunia).

[4] The County Government (Estonian: Maavalitsus) is led by Governor (Estonian: maavanem), who is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years.