In 2008, after losing the final of the Marrakech Challenger in May to eventual French Open semifinalist Gaël Monfils, Chardy produced his best Grand Slam showing until 2013 at the French Open, where he entered as a wild card and came back in the second round from two-sets-to-love down to defeat World No.

In Delray Beach, he was seeded seventh and defeated Tommy Haas, Andrey Golubev and Marcos Baghdatis.

He defeated José Acasuso, Martín Vassallo Argüello and local hopes Mischa Zverev and Nicolas Kiefer, on the same day to reach his second career final.

He triumphed over fourth-seeded Victor Hănescu (after losing the first set 1–6) to clinch his maiden ATP World Tour singles title.

However, he finally registered his first win in the tour, at the 2010 Regions Morgan Keegan Championships in style, as he beat second seed Fernando Verdasco in the first round.

In the 2012 Western and Southern Open in Cincinnati, Jérémy Chardy upset the defending champion and Olympic singles gold medalist Andy Murray in straight sets.

30 seed, Chardy lost in the 3rd round of the 2016 French Open to third-seeded Stan Wawrinka in straight sets.

At the 2019 French Open, Chardy, partnered with Fabrice Martin, reached the final, losing to unseeded German pair Kevin Krawietz and Andreas Mies in straight sets.

Again partnering with Martin, Chardy reached the final of the 2020 Rome Masters, where the pair lost to Marcel Granollers and Horacio Zeballos.

Chardy began his 2021 season by reaching the semifinals of Antalya and Melbourne 2, where he lost to Alexander Bublik and Dan Evans, respectively.

Because of this successful run and achieving good results, Chardy returned to the top 50 in two years, at the end of March.

Chardy also reached the quarterfinals in the Olympics, beating Tomás Barrios, Aslan Karatsev and Liam Broady.

On 23 September 2021, Chardy suspended his season, saying he suffered an adverse reaction to a COVID-19 vaccination, and was unable to train or play.