Józef Polikarp Brudziński (26 January 1874 – 18 December 1917) was a Polish pediatrician born in the village of Bolewo (now in Mława County).

Later, he worked in Graz under Theodor Escherich (1867–1911), and in Paris with Doctors Jacques-Joseph Grancher (1843–1907), Antoine Marfan (1858–1942) and Victor Henri Hutinel (1849–1933).

In 1903 he practiced medicine at the Anne-Marie Kinderhospital in Łódź, relocating in 1910 to Warsaw, where he designed a children's hospital with financial assistance from philanthropist Sophie Szlenker.

Brudziński is remembered for his work involving prophylaxis of infectious diseases in children, as well as studies of neurological indications associated with meningitis.

Today, his name is lent to four eponymous medical signs associated with reflexes observed in meningitis.