J. André Fouilhoux

[5][6] According to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Fouilhoux has received less attention than partners such as John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood, but was "known as an astute engineer and a painstaking supervisor and his work gained the respect of his collaborators.

[12][7] His earliest works were constructed in late-19th and early-20th century revival styles—French renaissance, Collegiate Gothic, Tudor, Jacobethan, Colonial, and English Arts and Crafts.

[12] This is especially evident in Jefferson High School (1909), which subtly revealed and navigated tensions between the Classical Revival movement and more modern Arts and Crafts style.

[1][20] In 1920, Fouilhoux returned to the U.S. and for the rest of his life would be based in New York [21][22][1] He began making substantial contributions to modernist design approaches that would create a new architectural specter: the skyscraper.

[2][23] In 1922, Fouilhoux, Raymond Hood and John Mead Howells devised a design submission to the international competition for the Tribune Tower in Chicago along with over 260 other entries.

[26][23] These inscriptions and sculptural details span decades and continents, memorializing the past in order to imagine the future that the Tribune Company aimed for.

"[23] The News Building does, however, share Tribune Tower's use of art deco elements and quotes and symbols of democratic values and the American Protestant work ethic.

[33][4][35] Built in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, a former dump site in Queens, the Fair used over 1,200 acres to imagine the future through a lens of innovation, consumerism, and commercialization.

"[3] Fouilhoux's greatest influence was on the central figures of the Fair—the Trylon and Perisphere, respectively a large triangular pyramid and the largest sphere ever constructed.

[36] Imposing white masses of the "finite and infinite"—sometimes called the "spike and sphere" or "ball and bat"—they aptly represented futurism based on modernist principles that envisioned extreme abstractions achievable through new technologies.

[33] The Trylon and Perisphere represented impressive feats of engineering, requiring 2,000 cubic yards of concrete, over 7,000 individual pieces, and adding up to a combined weight of approximately 10,000 tons.

[37][33] Technological achievements were central to the Fair theme and to Harrison and Fouilhoux's designs, evidenced in the engineering of the Trylon and Perisphere as well as the emphasis on electrification seen in the Consolidated Edison and Electric Utility building exhibitions.

Still, it was "by no means a flop… it literally and figuratively replaced ashes with promise... On a practical level, it offered a preview of the tools needed to rebuild the world after the war.

[43] While some community members lamented the demolition of the 19th century mansions that were removed to make way for the development, the Clinton Hill Co-ops played a significant role in stabilizing the neighborhood with middle-class housing during the war.

[1][11] Tribune Tower and Rockefeller Center are Fouilhoux's most enduring feats of engineering and architectural design and continue to be tourist destinations, as well as culturally notable in academic circles.

Tribune Tower , Chicago (1925)