James Hardin Peterson (February 11, 1894 – March 28, 1978) was a U.S. Representative from Florida.

He was admitted to the bar and was a law clerk in the United States General Land Office the same year.

Peterson served as a chief yeoman in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919, during World War I. Peterson served as prosecuting attorney and county solicitor of Polk County, Florida from 1921 to 1932.

[1] In the early 1930s, he also taught Sunday school at First Methodist Church in Lakeland, Florida[2] Peterson was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 1st congressional district in the 1932 election, defeating Herbert J. Drane, who had served in the United States Congress since 1917.

[1] This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress