[6][7][8][9][10][11] The Jarso Ali Madaweyn are a vast clan that stretch from Diida Waleed (near Jijiga) to the Awash region; they also extend onto the areas northwestern Fafan Zone.

[14] Either Jinacsani or Funyan Bira is believed by archaeologist to be Dakkar, which served as the first capital of the Adal Sultanate after its founding in the early 15th century by Sabr ad-Din.

[15][16][17][18][19][20] However, Richard Pankhurst states that the city was situated near the village of Funyan Bira and G. W. B. Huntingford believes that it was in the town of Chinaksen near Jigjiga.

However, in the late 1320s the ruler of the province, Haydara, ended up siding with Sabr ad-Din I during his rebellion and "treacherously" executed some of the Emperor's messengers.

Christian proselytization of the locals reached a high level of intensity during the reign of Dawit I, who then encouraged the settlement of Ethiopian military colonists to the peripheral province.

Dawaro was soon invaded by the Adal Sultan Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din who faced the forces of Zara Yaqob at the Battle of Gomit, but he was defeated and killed.

The province of Dawaro, because of its location to the east and its relative proximity to the Adal Sultanate became the first part of the empire to be confronted by the forces of Imam Ahmad.

The Imam then arrived at a settlement called Geberge and demanded that all of the Christian inhabitants either convert to Islam or pay the jizya tax.

[32][33] During the Ethiopian-Adal war in the sixteenth century, the people of Hargaya fought in the army of Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi leader of Adal Sultanate.

One of the Adalite military leaders, who was also from Dhanka sub-clan and fought alongside Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was mentioned in “The Ethiopian Borderlands” a book by the British historian Richard Keir Pethick Pankhurst

Pankhurst statesLenbä Dengel dispatched a large army in an attempt to regain the control of the territory, but one of the Imam’s kinsmen Sultan Muhammäd defeated it.

[35] Under Muhammad’s astute leadership, the Adal Sultanate forces achieved unprecedented triumphs, expanding their dominion into territories such as Bali province and more important areas.

Pankhurst notesHe then declared the province under his authority, and appointed governorsHis legacy, both feared and admired, continued to influence geopolitics and military strategy in the region to this day.