[2] He made his literary debut at the age of 16 when he published his short story "Złota galera [pl]" ("The Golden Galley") in the Fantastyka science-fiction monthly.

His short stories have been translated into English, German, Russian, Czech, Slovak, Macedonian, Italian, Bulgarian,[4] Hungarian,[5] Ukrainian[6] and Bosnian.

The author is also known for undertaking literary experiments manifesting themselves in the combination of elements of fantasy with science fiction as is the case with The Iron General (2015).

[20] Dukaj has stated that creating a cohesive vision of the universe in a particular work is the basis of any good fantasy or science fiction book.

The realism in presenting the boundaries of human understanding might be inspired by the works of Stanisław Lem, which introduce the theme of the wear and tear of future inventions.

The secret relationship between science and power is also explored in Dukaj's works, most notably in Black Oceans (2001), which is reminiscent of Lem's His Master's Voice (1968).