His championship career with the Kilkenny senior team lasted eight seasons from 1907 to 1914.
Keoghan made his debut on the inter-county scene when he was selected for the Kilkenny senior team for the 1907 championship.
As a regular member of the team over the next eight seasons he won five All-Ireland medals, beginning with triumphs in 1907 and 1909 and ending with three championships in-a-row from 1911 to 1913.
After emigrating to the United States, Keoghan took a prominent role in the affairs of the Gaelic Athletic Association there.
He briefly returned to Ireland in 1928 when he was chosen on the United States team that played in the Tailteann Games.