[1] O'Donoghue made his debut for Munster on 19 September 2014, coming on as a replacement against Zebre in the United Rugby Championship.

[9] He made his European Rugby Champions Cup debut on 14 November 2015, starting the opening 2015–16 pool game against Benetton.

[16] O'Donoghue returned from injury in Munster's 19–13 away win against Ospreys in round 16 of the 2018–19 Pro14 on 22 February 2019,[17] and won his 100th cap for the province in their 24–9 defeat against Leinster on 18 May 2019.

[24] For his performances during the 2021–22 season, O'Donoghue won Munster's Men's Player of the Year when the province's end-of-season awards were announced in June 2022.

[28] O'Donoghue captained Ireland under-20s in their opening game of the 2014 IRB Junior World Championship against France under-20s on 2 June 2014.

[29] On 7 March 2016, O'Donoghue was added to Ireland's squad for the final two rounds of the 2016 Six Nations Championship, his first senior international call-up.