Jacob H. Gilbert (June 17, 1920 – February 27, 1981) was an American lawyer and politician who served six terms as a United States representative from New York between 1960 and 1971.

Gilbert was an Assistant Corporation Counsel of New York City from January 1949 to December 1950.

He was elected as a Democrat to the 86th United States Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Isidore Dollinger.

He was re-elected to the 87th, 88th, 89th, 90th and 91st United States Congresses, holding office from March 8, 1960, to January 3, 1971.

He died on February 27, 1981, in the Bronx; and was buried at the Mount Hebron Cemetery in Flushing, Queens.