Jaime Heliodoro Rodríguez Calderón was born on 28 December 1957, in Ejido Pablillo, a small town in the municipality of Galeana, Nuevo León.

On 14 September 2014, Rodríguez left the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) with the intention of running as an independent candidate for the governorship of the state of Nuevo León.

[14] On May 21, Fernando Elizondo Barragán, former acting governor of Nuevo León and the gubernatorial candidate for Citizens' Movement, also withdrew and endorsed Rodríguez.

[15] On 7 June 2015, Rodríguez was elected Governor of Nuevo León in a landslide victory, securing 48.82% of the vote and defeating his nearest opponent, the PRI's Ivonne Álvarez, by 24.97 points.

On 22 December 2017, the Congress of Nuevo León approved the leave,[18] designating Manuel Florentino González Flores [es] as interim governor.

[28] He also confirmed that in-person classes for preschool and primary school would be suspended and moved to Canal 28 Nuevo León, a state-owned TV channel.

In response to rising cases, on 25 April, the administration suspended public transportation services on Sundays and reduced operating hours for the remaining weekdays.

[32] Rodríguez often published memes on social media designed to raise awareness about COVID-19, encourage the use of face masks, and incentivize people to get vaccinated.

[33] On 11 September 2016, during a live broadcast of "Monterrey al Día", Televisa news reporter Karla Minaya was overheard saying, "We have to ensure that the governor is mentioned as little as possible."

[34] Rodríguez's predecessor, Rodrigo Medina de la Cruz, reportedly spent MXN $4 billion on bribing television news outlets, including Televisa, to improve his public image.

[36] He claimed that Televisa and other major networks, such as Multimedios and TV Azteca, deliberately minimize or negatively bias their coverage of his administration due to his refusal to pay for favorable reporting.

[40] Jaime Rodríguez later proposed to bring back the death penalty (which was officially abolished in Mexico in 2005 and last used by the Mexican government in 1961) for drug traffickers, hijackers, infanticides and serial killers.

[42] On September 25, 2019, the Federal Electoral Tribunal approved the validity of sanctioning Rodriguez Calderon for using 572 state employees to gather signatures for his 2018 candidacy.

His third marriage was on 25 January 2006 with Adalina Dávalos Martínez, with whom he has had three children: Valentina, Victoria and Emiliano; he also adopted Alejandro, a son of his current wife from another relationship.