Silfverberg began his professional playing career in the Swedish Elitserien (now called the SHL) with Brynäs IF in the 2008–09 season.

Silfverberg's offensive success continued in the Elitserien playoffs, and his production was a large factor in Brynäs' eventual Swedish championship title, scoring 13 goals and seven assists for 20 points.

[4][5] During the semifinals, Silfverberg took over the role as the captain of Brynäs, following Andreas Dackell's retirement due to a knee injury.

He made his NHL, as well as his Stanley Cup playoff, debut on 23 April 2012, in Game 6 of the Eastern Conference quarterfinals series against the New York Rangers.

[10] In the second Senators game after the resolution of the lockout, Silfverberg scored his first career NHL goal on 21 January 2013, against José Théodore of the Florida Panthers in a 4–0 win.

He followed up this strong play with four goals and 18 points in 16 playoff games as the Ducks went to the Western Conference finals,[16] where they were defeated by the Chicago Blackhawks.

[17] On 7 August 2015, the Ducks signed Silfverberg a four-year contract extending until the 2018–19 season with an annual salary cap hit of $3.75 million.

[16] In the 2016–17 season, with a new coach, Randy Carlyle, Silfverberg set new career highs in goals with 23 and points with 49, playing alongside Ryan Kesler and Andrew Cogliano on the second line.

[21] On 13 February 2019, Silfverberg scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over the Vancouver Canucks in general manager Bob Murray's coaching debut after Carlyle had been fired.

[26] However, he withdrew from playing in the game to attend the birth of his second child and was replaced by Max Pacioretty of the Vegas Golden Knights.

[33] Silfverberg represented Sweden at the 2010 World Junior Championships held in Saskatchewan, Canada, scoring in the team's first game of the tournament.

[35] He also played for the Sweden squad for the 2011 IIHF World Championship,[36] earning a silver medal in a 6–1 loss to Finland.