[4] During Timur Shah's reign of the Durrani Empire, Jalalabad served as the Afghan winter capital.

[8] Known at the time by names such as Nagarhara and Adinapur, Jalalabad was a major center of Greco-Buddhist culture during the late 1st millennium BCE, focused on sites such as Ahin Posh.

The first surviving references to the city are in early 1st millennium CE accounts by visiting Chinese Buddhist monks.

In or about 400 CE, Faxian visited "Nagarhara" and worshiped at sacred Buddhist sites, such as the "Cave of the Buddha's Shadow” (佛影窟).

The Buddhist era began to end after the region was conquered by Muslim forces during the late 1st Millennium.

In Hudud-al-Alam, written in 982 CE, there is reference to a village near Jalalabad where the local king had Muslim, Buddhist and Hindu wives.

"The Afghans and Khiljies who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Sabuktigin, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to Ghazni.

In March 1989, two Mujahideen rebel factions backed by Pakistan and the U.S. assaulted the city during the Battle of Jalalabad.

However government forces managed to drive them out within two months, which was a major setback to the resistance fighters and the ISI.

[19] After the resignation of President Najibullah, Jalalabad quickly fell to mujahideen rebels of Yunus Khalis on April 19, 1992.

[21] In March 2007, US marines murdered 19 unarmed civilians and wounded 50 near Jalalabad, in an incident compared by the New York Times to the Haditha massacre.

The groups responsible for the attacks include the Taliban, Haqqani Network, al-Qaeda, and ISIS (Daesh).

Jalalabad is also a center of the country's Sikhs, although the community has dwindled in the city (and nationwide) since the wars began.

[25] Jalalabad's climate is hot desert (Köppen: BWh), and it is one of the hottest localities in Afghanistan.

[31] Because of its warm temperature relative to most of Afghanistan, Jalalabad (alongside Peshawar) was often the "winter capital" of various Afghan rulers of the past centuries,[8][32] while rich people would relocate to villas in Jalalabad to avoid the freezing temperatures in Kabul.

Various types of citrus fruits like orange, tangerine, grapefruit, lemon, lime grow in gardens as well as in orchards.

There are proposals for the establishment of Afghanistan's rail network linking Jalalabad with Pakistan Railways, allowing for increased trade of goods, people and commerce between the two countries.

The highway between Jalalabad and Kabul was resurfaced in 2006, reducing the transit time between these two important cities.

with the intention of widening the existing road and improving security to attract more tourists and allow for safer passage of goods between to the two countries.

National team member Hamid Hasan was born in the province and he currently represents Afghanistan in international cricket.

It is located in the Ghazi Amanullah Town, a modern suburb on the southeastern fringe of Jalalabad in Nangarhar Province.

Construction on the stadium began in March 2010 when the foundation stone was laid by Minister of Finance and president of the Afghanistan Cricket Board, Omar Zakhilwal.