James Backhouse (1825–1890) was an English botanist, archaeologist, and geologist.
He was the son of James Backhouse (1794–1869), a botanist and missionary in Australia.
Backhouse was educated at Lawrence Street School, (which later became Bootham School[1]), York.
He was a correspondent of Charles Darwin.
He was also a member of the Religious Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers.