James Domville (November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1921) was a Canadian businessman, militia officer and politician.

He was a member of the council of the Dominion Artillery Association, a fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute, London, was president of the Kings County Board of Trade, and was chairman of the delegation from Saint John, at the Dominion Board of Trade, Ottawa, in 1871.

Domville came to disagree with his party's protectionist policies – a matter which led to a physical confrontation with caucus-mate Arthur Hill Gillmor.

These policies were unpopular enough with his constituents that he lost his seat in 1882, leading to his split with the Conservative Party of Sir John A. Macdonald.

He would run several times unsuccessfully as an independent candidate, but when he returned to parliament from 1896 to 1900 it was as a Liberal.