James Edgar Martine (August 25, 1850 – February 26, 1925) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 1911 to 1917.

In 1863, Daniel Martine died, leaving James in charge of their large ancestral family farm in Plainfield, New Jersey.

During the 1913 Senate Committee investigation into the West Virginia miners strike, Senator Martine aggressively confronted Kanawha County coal company executive Quinn Morton for arming and directing the use of the armored "Bull Moose" train against a Holly Grove tent village of miners and their families in the middle of the night on February 2, 1913, during which Charles Estep, young miner with a young child and a pregnant wife, was killed.

Martine confronted Morton over his refusal to acknowledge giving the command to fire and then reportedly asking the sheriff to back the train up and do it again.

According to historian David Alan Corbin's 1990 book The West Virginia Mine Wars, the Congressional Record of this hearing "breaks off suddenly, the topic switches, and Senator Martine disappears from the panel of inquisitors.