Born in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Johnston was educated at University of Glasgow, where he studied Theology and graduated MA.
He visited the chemist J. J. Berzelius in Sweden and was a co-founder of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
[4] He was appointed reader in Chemistry and Mineralogy at Durham University on its foundation in 1833, but continued to reside in Edinburgh out of term.
[6] In his Notes on North America, Johnston reported that the Provincial soils were more productive than those of New York or Ohio.
[7] Johnston's works are available through Internet Archive: In 1830 he married the daughter of Thomas Ridley of Durham.