General Sir James Fergusson, GCB (17 March 1787 – 4 September 1865) was a British Army officer during the Napoleonic Wars and the Governor of Gibraltar from 1855 to 1859.

Fergusson was present at the battles of Roliça, Vimeiro, (where he sustained wounds), and Corunna, where his regiment formed part of the reserve.

Fergusson accompanied the 43rd on the 1809 Walcheren Expedition before returning to the Peninsula, experiencing action at River Côa, Bussaco, Sabugal, Fuentes de Onoro, as well as Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz, where he formed part of the 43rd's storming parties, receiving wounds both times.

Following the Buffs' reduction in 1816, Fergusson studied at the Royal Military College, before taking an appointment as lieutenant-colonel of the 88th Regiment of Foot.

In 1825, Fergusson exchanged into the 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot, commanding it in England, Ireland, Nova Scotia, Gibraltar, and the West Indies, until 1839, receiving his promotion to full colonel in 1830.