James Henry Randolph (October 18, 1825 – August 22, 1900) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 1st congressional district of Tennessee.

Born near Dandridge, Tennessee in Jefferson County on October 18, 1825, Randolph was the son of James Montgomery and Nancy Goan Randolph.

He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1850, and commenced practice in Dandridge, Tennessee.

[1] He married Melinda Jane Robinson and they had three children, William H., Ralph Montgomery, and Townzella.

Randolph died on August 22, 1900 (age 74 years, 308 days) in Newport, Tennessee in Cocke County.