James Monroe High School is part of the VHSL AA Battlefield District.

The Virginia State Department of Education fully accredits James Monroe High School.

It was originally called Fredericksburg High School, but in 1939, this name was changed to honor the nation's fifth president, James Monroe, who had his law office in the city from 1786-89.

The second James Monroe High School building was constructed in 1952, and a wing was added in 1959.

The Arthur H. Schwartz Memorial Athletic Complex was constructed during 1985-86, providing a new track, tennis courts, and a baseball field.