The refuge's 4,200 acres (17 km2) of forest and wetlands are bordered by Powell Creek to the west, and by Flowerdew A Hundred Plantation to the east.

The land that is now the refuge was the site of Powellbrooke Plantation, whose owner Captain Nathaniel Powell (one of the original 1607 colonists), his wife, and ten others were killed during the Indian massacre of 1622, and later Merchant's Hope Plantation during colonial times.

Including monitoring bird species like Bald Eagles, monitoring arthropod species like endangered Frosted Elfin, and working to restore longleaf pine savannah, an exceedingly rare habitat in Virginia.

[1] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

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