James Stephen Green (February 28, 1817 – January 19, 1870) was a Democratic United States Representative and Senator from Missouri.

Born near Rectortown in Fauquier County, Virginia, he attended the common schools and moved first to Alabama, and later to Missouri around 1838.

His brother, Martin E. Green, became a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War.

He was not a candidate for renomination in 1850, and was subsequently Chargé d'Affaires to New Granada in 1853–1854.

He was appointed Minister Resident in June 1854, but did not present his credentials; he was elected to the 35th Congress, but did not take his seat, having been elected to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy during the term commencing March 4, 1855, where he served from January 12, 1857, to March 3, 1861.