Sir James Haldane Stewart Lockhart,[a] KCMG (25 May 1858 – 26 February 1937) was a British colonial official in Hong Kong and China for more than 40 years.

He was Registrar General and Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong, and later became Commissioner of Weihaiwei (1902[6]–1927), the British coastal enclave returned to China in 1930.

[8] Lockhart's preference for indirect and indigenized rule was a main factor leading to the official recognition of Chinese community organizations like Tung Wah Hospital and Po Leung Kuk.

Both men devoted great energy to their studies of Chinese language and classical literature, and both published scholarly works.

[13] Johnston later wrote that, as Lockhart had had a sound training in Greek and Latin at Edinburgh University, he took easily to the study of Chinese, another classical language.

[17] The collection was donated by his daughter, Betty Joel, to his alma mater, George Watson's College, and is currently on a long-term loan to the National Museum of Scotland.

Lockhart's Chinese books were purchased by Cambridge University Library; his photographs are on loan to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.