He also worked at the World Bank and for the Republican National Committee on the 2004 re-election campaign of the 43rd president of the United States George W.

[7] From 2008 to 2009, he served as director of anti-proliferation strategy at the United States National Security Council in the Bush's administration.

From February 2013 to May 2017 he served as counselor for Foreign and National Security Affairs to Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL).

[9] From September 2020 to February 2021, he served as director of the Future of Geopolitics and Asia programs at the German Marshall Fund.

[9][11] In May 2023, Fly announced his resignation as RFE president and CEO, effective June 30, 2023, and expressed the intent of returning to the U.S. for an opportunity in the private sector.