Jan Kwapiński
A member of Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party, he was imprisoned by Russian Empire authorities in Warsaw Citadel.
An official publication of the Polish government-in-exile, March 1944, provides the following information, likely from the subject himself (brackets added showing his ages in the narrative):[2] "Jan Kwapinski (correct pronunciation: Kv-a-pin-ski), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Industry, Commerce and Shipping, son of a worker and a metal worker himself, has long been one of the most prominent figures in Poland's labor and political movement.
[a] When the revolt failed, Kwapinski made his escape to Kraków (then in Austrian Poland), where he continued his political activities.
[b] On 14 July 1943 Prime Minister Mikolajczyk formed a coalition cabinet from the four main Polish political groups, and including, besides Jews, some without party affiliation.
[c] In London, in January 1944, Mikolajczyk and Kwapiński were the chief Polish moderates with whom British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden sought to resolve a crisis with the Soviets concerning the long contentious issue of the Polish-Russian frontier.
1944 January, with Mikolajczyk and Anthony Eden, seeks to resolve crisis with Soviets; May Polish units distinguished in capture of Monte Cassino, breaking of Hitler Line, opening way to Rome; June Government-in-exile issues Monte Cassino Commemorative Cross; 21 July "Lublin" Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) formed by Soviets; Government-in-exile, together with UK and US protest; 23 November resigns his posts in Government-in-exile; 26 November Mikolajczyk resigns as Prime Minister; 29 November appointed Treasury Minister in Arciszewski government.
1945 1 January Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland replaces PKWN, Mikolajczyk accepts Deputy Premiership; 4–11 February Yalta Conference, Poland not invited; 28 June resigns post of Treasury Minister; 6 July UK and US withdraw recognition of Polish Government-in-exile, loss of embassy in London; 17 July-7 August at Potsdam Conference Provisional Government accepted as official Polish government by Big Three, Polish borders redrawn.
Kartki z pamietnika (Swiatowy Zwiazek Polakow z Zagranicy, London 1947) a ^ Piotr Chałupka, of a working-class family in Warsaw, worked as a teenager in metal factories in Ostrowiec, where he became involved with the Polish Socialist Party.
Its legitimacy had been arranged through Article 24 of the Polish Constitution, which empowered the President to appoint a successor without approval of the Sejm.
Thus, on 30 September 1939, President Ignacy Mościcki, interned in Romania as a refugee, had appointed by letter Władysław Raczkiewicz (safe in Paris) as his successor.
The new president had, in turn, appointed as Premier General Sikorski, then serving as commander-in-chief of the Polish army in France.
For graphic suggestion of Poland's benefit from UNRRA relief see [2] Media related to Jan Kwapiński at Wikimedia Commons
