[1] During the Russo-Japanese War, volunteers from Montenegro were encouraged to fight in the Russian Army in Manchuria.

[2] However, Montenegro was not mentioned in the 1905 peace treaty and a technical state of war was presumed to exist between the two countries.

In 2006, Japan made the gesture of recognising Montenegrin independence following its secession from Serbia and declared then that hostilities were over.

[10] In 2016, Montenegro expelled 58 foreigners (of whom only four were Japanese) linked to the doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo, which was behind the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack.

A police statement said they had "received information from [Japanese] partner security services showing that a group of foreign nationals, who were numbers of a closed religious group, were staying in Montenegro".